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Long-Term Signal Strength Characteristics in NTN: Complete 2026 Guide to RSRP and Handover
Explore Long-Term Signal Strength Characteristics in NTN, RSRP limitations, satellite mobility and handover solutions with Apeksha Telecom.
Neeraj Verma
19 hours ago


High and Variable Doppler Shifts in NTN: A Complete Technical Guide for 2026
Learn how High and Variable Doppler Shifts in NTN affect 5G satellite communication, OFDM, frequency synchronization, and Doppler pre-compensation in 2026.
Neeraj Verma
4 days ago


Challenges of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in 2026
Explore the major challenges of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in 2026, including propagation delay, Doppler shift, synchronization, mobility, link
Neeraj Verma
5 days ago


Radio Interfaces of LTE-M, NB-IoT, and NR: A Concise Introduction 2026
Learn Radio Interfaces of LTE-M, NB-IoT, and NR in 2026, including 3GPP architecture, IoT-NTN, NR-NTN, EPC, 5G Core, protocol stacks, and NTN challenges.
Neeraj Verma
Oct 6


Types of NTN Devices: Smartphones, IoT Devices and VSAT Terminals
A variety of devices can connect to a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN). These devices can have significantly different capabilities in terms of transmit power
Neeraj Verma
Sep 18


An Overview of Pre-5G Satellite Systems
Pre-5G Satellite Systems 5G-based Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) are expected to become increasingly common in the coming years. At the same time
Neeraj Verma
Sep 17


Types of Beams in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
In a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), different types of beams can be used to provide radio coverage over the Earth's surface. According to the 3GPP approach
Neeraj Verma
Sep 16


Characteristics of UASs in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN): HAPS-Based Systems
As discussed in Chapter 1, the Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UASs) considered in this book as part of the Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
Neeraj Verma
Sep 15


GEO vs MEO vs LEO Satellites: Key Characteristics and NTN Design Implications
One of the most important differences between GEO, MEO, and LEO satellites is their orbital altitude. Key Characteristics and NTN Design
Neeraj Verma
Sep 14


Types of Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) Platforms: Satellites and HAPS
From the 3GPP NTN perspective, two major types of NTN platforms are considered:Satellites as NTN Platforms
Neeraj Verma
Sep 13


3GPP NTN Roadmap: From Release 15 to Release 19 and Beyond
3GPP NTN Roadmap Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) have become an important part of the evolution of modern cellular communication systems.
Neeraj Verma
Sep 9


Motivation for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN): Why Do We Need NTN?
This is one of the key motivations behind the development and deployment of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs).
Neeraj Verma
Sep 7


Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Despite the deployment of five generations of cellular technologies, a significant portion of the planet’s surface and a large number of people still remain without reliable access to wireless communications.
Neeraj Verma
Sep 4


3GPP Release 17 NTN: Key Features, Architecture & Benefits 2026 — What Engineers Need to Know
3GPP Release 17 NTN explained by Apeksha Telecom — standards, NTN architecture, MEC/NEF roles, and benefits for 2026 deployments.
Vidya Bhojaraju
Jul 18
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